Upconversion Nanoparticle Toxicity: A Comprehensive Review

Nanoparticlesquantum have emerged as novel tools in a wide range of applications, including bioimaging and drug delivery. However, their unique physicochemical properties raise concerns regarding potential toxicity. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), a type of nanoparticle that converts near-infrared light into visible light, hold immense clinical

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